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Engine coolant plays a vital role in maintaining optimal engine temperature, preventing overheating and subsequent damage. However, like any other automotive fluid, coolant has a finite lifespan and requires periodic replacement.
As your engine runs, it generates immense heat. Engine coolant acts as a heat transfer agent, absorbing this heat and carrying it away from the engine block. The hot coolant then travels to the radiator, where it transfers the heat to the surrounding air through a network of fins and tubes. This continuous circulation prevents the engine from overheating.
Engine coolant formulations vary in composition and consequently lifespan but it’s typically a 50/50 mixture of water and antifreeze and offers several benefits. Water freezes at 0°C which can be disastrous for your engine. The antifreeze component lowers the freezing point of the coolant, protecting the engine from freezing in cold weather.
The lifespan of engine coolant depends on several factors, including:
Coolant Type: Coolant isn’t a one-size-fits-all solution. There are different types with varying lifespans. Consult your owner’s manual for the recommended type for your vehicle to make sure it’s compatible.
Manufacturer Specifications: Car manufacturers conduct rigorous testing to determine the ideal coolant change intervals. These intervals will be specified in your owner’s manual.
Driving conditions: Severe driving conditions, characterised by frequent stop-and-go traffic or towing heavy loads, place additional stress on the coolant and shorten its lifespan.
It’s recommended to replace your engine coolant approximately every two years or every 30,000 km (24,000 miles) or so. Many routine maintenance services include checking the coolant level and condition. Your owner’s manual will also provide information on the intervals specific to your vehicle.
If you notice your engine running hotter than usual or there are leaks, consult a mechanic as there may be something wrong with your engine cooling system. Warning signs that indicate the need for coolant replacement include:
Engine running hotter than usual or overheating
A low coolant level
Steam coming out from under the hood,
Discoloured coolant
Abnormal temperature gauge readings
Illuminated “check engine” light
When in doubt, it’s always best to seek professional help. A qualified mechanic can assess the situation, recommend appropriate action and ensure your engine continues to operate within optimal temperature ranges.
Changing engine coolant is a process that involves several steps to get it done correctly. Ensure your engine is off and cooled down and choose a day when you are not going to use your car for several hours. Also, coolant is toxic, so make sure you collect it in a designated container for proper disposal.
First, remove the radiator cap and open the drain plug to release the old coolant. Once the radiator is drained, use a soft nylon brush to clean the cooling system, removing any dirt, rust or particles clinging to the inside of the radiator. Fill the radiator with distilled water and then idle the engine for about 15 minutes. Drain the water and repeat this step until the water runs clear. Once the system is clean and cooled, replace the drain plug securely and add new coolant to the specified levels. Run the engine with the radiator cap off to remove air pockets, then top up the coolant and secure the cap tightly.
If you’re in any doubt, it’s advisable to have a professional change your fluid in case of complications. Many car service centres such as Al Tayer Motors include checking the engine coolant as part of their routine maintenance services.
Regularly monitoring your coolant levels and quality is essential to prevent engine overheating, freezing and corrosion. If in doubt, consult your service centre for professional advice.
Locate the Coolant Reservoir: This is usually a translucent plastic tank connected to the radiator and market with “coolant” or “antifreeze”.
Check the Level: Check the engine is cool, then look at the level markers on the side of the reservoir. The coolant should be between the “min” and “max” lines.
Top Off if Necessary: If the level is low, add the coolant up to the max line. Use a funnel to avoid spills.
Checking Coolant Quality
Inspect the Colour: Coolant should be green, orange, or yellow. If it appears rusty, brown or has sediment, it needs replacing.
Test the Coolant: Use a coolant tester to check the coolant’s freezing and boiling points. This ensures it has the correct mixture and properties to protect your engine in various temperatures.
Smell the Coolant: A sweet smell indicates it is in good condition. If it has a burnt odour, it may be time for a replacement.
Recognising the symptoms of engine coolant issues early on can prevent major engine damage or even complete failure. Some common warning signs to look out for include:
Engine Coolant Leak Head Gasket: A failing head gasket can cause discolouration of the engine oil and bubbles in the coolant reservoir. The engine may vibrate or shudder abnormally while idling. You may also notice reduced power output due to engine pressure leaks and white smoke coming from the exhaust pipe.
Engine Coolant Tank Empty: The coolant reservoir tank is a translucent plastic container that holds excess coolant. If you find the coolant reservoir tank empty, it’s a sign there’s a leak in the system.
Car Leaking Engine Coolant: Keep an eye out for puddles of coolant under your car after parking. Leaks can originate from the radiator, hoses, water pump or other parts of the cooling system.
Engine Coolant Temperature Overheating: The temperature gauge on your car’s dashboard indicates engine temperature. If the gauge needle moves into the red zone, it signifies overheating. Pull over to a safe location immediately, turn off the engine and let it cool down before checking the coolant level. Do not add coolant to an overheated engine.
“Coolant Stop Vehicle Switch Engine Off” Warning Light: Some vehicles are equipped with a coolant temperature warning light. If this light is illuminated, it’s a warning that your engine is overheating. Pull over safely and turn off the engine as soon as possible.
Ignoring coolant system problems can lead to costly repairs down the road. By being attentive to the warning signs and taking prompt action, you can help prevent engine damage, so your car stays cool and runs smoothly.
Your owner’s manual will specify the recommended type of coolant, always adhere to these guidelines to ensure compatibility and effectiveness.
There are several different types of coolants, including:
Inorganic Acid Technology (IAT): typically used in older vehicles, IAT coolants need to be changed more frequently.
Organic Acid Technology (OAT): More common in newer vehicles, OAT coolants normally have a longer lifespan.
Hybrid Organic Acid Technology (HOAT): A blend of IAT and OAT, providing enhanced protection and a lifespan similar to OAT coolants.
The easiest way to choose the right coolant is to visit your car’s service centre. They will help you choose the coolant appropriate for your car’s specific make and model. At Al Tayer Motors, our specialised Aftersales team will guide you in your choice to ensure your engine remains protected and performs efficiently. For more detailed information on car maintenance and service, check out our comprehensive guide.
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